CHePiCC Summer School

CHePiCC Summer School “Cultural Heritage Protection in Climate Change” Trondheim, Norway 30th May 2022 – 4th June 2022 Chiara Bertolin America Califano Markus Schwai ISBN: 978-88-31482-51-6

CHePiCC Summer School May 30 – June 4 2022

INDEX Part I C. Bertolin, A. Califano, M. Schwai CHePiCC School Concept 9 Part II C. Bertolin, A. Califano, M. Schwai Practical Information 6 Background Information 11 Places 16 People 19 Program Overview 22 Detailed Day-by-Day Program 26 Part III Group 1 44 J. E. Afonso Santana, C. Calapiña Arriaga, M. Klinkert, P. Higgins, L. Vergelli Group 2 63 Bartolucci B., Grabner C., Kocabas E., Parracha J., Trujillo Cabrera L. Group 3 71 Dietrich F., Jokin I., Moreno Falcon M., Ogut O. Group 4 85 C. Aguiar Botello, I. Barakat, G. Boccacci, M. Panahifar Part IV C. Bertolin, A. Califano, M. Schwai Conclusions 100

PART I C. Bertolin, A. Califano, M. Schwai

CHePiCC School Concept CHePiCC Summer School 2022 8 CHePiCC SCHOOL CONCEPT [MAIN IDEA] The concept of the Cultural Heritage Protection in Climate Change (CHePiCC) School focuses on built cultural heritage as integral part of cultural landscapes and vice versa, both seriously affected by climate change and related natural catastrophes. Climate change itself is the connecting element and affects both cultural landscapes and cultural heritage. Higher Education (HE) students are given the chance to learn about applicable maintenance, preparedness and preservation measures by developing tailored measures for a given site and by implementing and actually testing their ideas. The concept focuses on the effects of climate change in a certain climate zone, and develops possibilities to teach sustainable, eco-friendly and cost-efficient preparedness measures for built cultural heritage and maintenance measures for cultural landscapes. The whole concept is hybrid, student-centred, following a strict hands-on approach and is research based. The entire concept of the School can easily be transferred to other frameworks. As a matter of fact, the idea of the School is summarized as follows: • choosing a city (Trondheim, in this case); • selecting the points of interest (both touristic and hidden cultural heritage) according to the School’s topics; (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

CHePiCC School Concept CHePiCC Summer School 2022 9 • engaging the local and international experts in the field (academics, stakeholders etc.) for the organization of high-level lessons and onthe-field activities; (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy) • dissemination of the students deliverables and of the main international research projects and activities focused on the School topics through a dedicated Multiplier Event. (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

CHePiCC School Concept CHePiCC Summer School 2022 10 For the above reasons, the School main concept has a high potential and can be ideally adapted to other conditions, cities and situations that may be interesting to study in the framework of the Cultural Heritage Protection. The concept for the summer university is applicable to any cultural landscape and its built heritage in Europe. It functions as important medium to gather practical experiences and get to know the respective built heritage and cultural landscapes on-site. (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy) [ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHING STAFF] The CHePiCC School is a transdisciplinary summer university school on cultural landscapes in climate change. It was mainly focused on cultural and natural landscape in Norway and on the most used material constituting its heritage-built environment i.e., wood. Notwithstanding, per each day of lesson a comparison with other landscapes in different climate zones (e.g., central Europe or the Mediterranean area) and/or other historic materials prone to climate-induced decay is provided. In addition to the topic of the climate change impact on cultural landscapes, several lessons are focused on the Norwegian research directions towards application of green energy (especially solar energy that is a challenge in Scandinavian countries) and the achievement of zero emission to the built environment (here included the sub-group constituted by historical buildings). The teaching staff is made up by experts from several fields that provide their guidance and support during lessons, activities and visits. All the activities are coordinated

CHePiCC School Concept CHePiCC Summer School 2022 11 through internal meetings carried out during the School. The activities described above and carried out by the teaching staff contribute to reach the project’s objective by fulfilling the following duties: • preparation of easily understandable lessons on the treated topics by means of presentations with both theoretical and practical aspects; • delivery of lessons to a wide group of international students, providing them insights and food for thought about the topics of concern; • provision of support during the students self-learning activities, giving the learners the possibility to raise questions, share ideas and improve the scientific communication between people with different backgrounds (architects, engineers, conservators, geologists…); • provision of support during the on-the-field visits, giving the learners the possibility to always count on experts for possible questions and discussions. This way it is possible to bring heritage back into higher education (HE) teaching and learning, to enable future generations to protect cultural heritage and to facilitate a behavioral change concerning cultural heritage protection and climate change, especially in the prospective professional lives of HE learners and teachers, and to enable HE teachers to build and deliver engaging and high-quality learning formats. [ACTIVITIES FOR LEARNERS] The summer university is primarily addressed to students of architecture, protection of built cultural heritage, archaeology, urban/landscape planning, mechanical engineering, restauration, and architectural heritage. The program for HR learners comprises an intensive mix of frontal lessons, on-the-field visits and self-learning activities based on stimulating the discussion on the topics of concern. The program is thought in order to give the HE learners the right time to acquire and assimilate the theoretical and practical aspects of the frontal lessons, to actually see the real case studies and the local points of interest and, then, to elaborate the acquired information by sharing ideas with the other learners and staff and by writing group reports on the School topics. The activities described above and carried out by the learners contribute to reach the project’s objective by fulfilling the following duties: • Attending frontal lessons; • Real-time training on the software presented and explained during the lessons; • Collecting photographic material and information during the on-

CHePiCC School Concept CHePiCC Summer School 2022 12 the-field visits; • Working in groups and collecting the acquired knowledge in written reports and power-point presentations. The above activities help to bring basic, academic need concerning cultural heritage (tangible, whether movable or immovable, but also intangible) and its protection back into society and to foster the understanding of its importance, its shared values and identities. The more tangible needs of building inclusive, modular and transdisciplinary learning programs for higher education learners enabled them to include in their professional lives all necessary disciplines for enhancing climate protection means, preparing cultural landscapes and their built heritage for the immediate effects of climate change and natural catastrophes, and doing the same for movable cultural heritage.

PART II C. Bertolin, A. Califano, M. Schwai

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 6 [COVID-19] PRACTICAL INFORMATION Since 12.02.2022 there are no requirements for testing, quarantine or registration upon arrival in Norway. Anyway, you are invited to behave responsibly, to wash your hands regularly, to keep the safety distance and to avoid crowded places when possible. In order to enter Norway, beside your passport (and eventually VISA if you are from Extra EU countries) you need to have the green pass and use a face mask if needed. Official updates available at https://reopen.europa.eu/ https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/koronavirus-covid-19/id2692388/ [TRAVEL] Upon arrival at Trondheim Airport (Trondheim Lufthavn, in Norwegian), it is possible to reach the city center via bus or via train. Via bus (at any time): https://www.atb.no/en/trondheim-airport/ (timetable at https://www.atb.no/getfile.php/1394071- 1646391897/Rutetabeller/21-22_by/AtB_Linje70.pdf) Via urban ATB bus (in diurnal time): line 70 is recommended as it stops in Buran 1, which is only 750 m away from the students’ accommodation, the Trondheim Vandrerhjem Hostel. (See the walking itinerary from Buran 1 to Trondheim Vandrerhjem at https://goo.gl/maps/EBwpEnYDZJsyDeNW7) Information about tickets and tickets purchasing available at: https://www.atb.no/en/ticket/#collapse-article_8 Make sure you have a valid ticket for the entire trip by purchasing for the right zone. For example, if you are traveling from the Airport to

Practical Information CHePiCC Summer School 2022 7 Trondheim, you must purchase a ticket for two zones. The average price for an adult two-zones single ticket is 84 NOK (8.50 € circa). Additional info at https://www.atb.no/en/zones-and-zone- maps/#collapse-article_6 The trip from Trondheim Airport to Buran 1 via ATB bus lasts about 50 minutes. Via train: https://www.vaernesekspressen.no. The Vaernes Express from Trondheim Airport (Lufthavn) Vaernes to FB 73 Buran is recommended. The trip lasts about 27 minutes and the average ticket price is 189 NOK (19.20 € circa). Information about timetables, fares and ticket purchasing available at https://www.vaernesekspressen.no/no/rutetider/ Please beware that the Vaernes Express website is in Norwegian. IMPORTANT NOTE FOR PEOPLE HAVING CONNECTION FLIGHTS THROUGH OSLO: please be aware that, upon arriving at Oslo Airport, it is mandatory to pick up eventual checked-in baggage and go through the check- in and the custom controls again. In case you do not own checked-in baggage, you need to go through the custom controls again as well. This usually takes a long time, so please keep an eye on your time-schedule. [ACCOMODATION] Students and part of the Staff will stay at the Trondheim Vandrerhjem Hostel (https://www.trondheimvandrerhjem.no/home) located in Weidemanns vei 41 B, 7043 Trondheim. Trondheim Vandrerhjem shared dorms/rooms/apartments are equipped with bed linen and towels. There are no bars or cafeterias within the building, but free tea and coffee are always available in the common area. Guests can make their own food in the fully equipped guest kitchen, order take-away food from food delivery services or go to restaurants. The closest restaurant is 3 minutes away from the hostel. However, by walking 10 minutes down to Solsiden, a wide selection of restaurants and cafes can be found. The hostel has free Wi- Fi, a laundry room and is facilitated for special needs. Smoking is strictly forbidden indoors, and the alcohol consumption is prohibited in the common areas.

Practical Information CHePiCC Summer School 2022 8 From the hostel, the closest grocery stores are 5 minutes walking (i.e., Bunnpris supermarket), and 7 minutes to Rema 1000 supermarket at Rosenborg Concerning the distance to other nice spots in the city: • To the NTNU campus in Gløshaugen you can expect 30 minutes walking • To the lovely cobblestone streets of Bakklandet, you can expect a 16 minutes walk. • Torvet in the city center is situated 20-25 minutes walk from Trondheim Vandrerhjem. Please be aware that the return to the hostel might take longer, as Trondheim Vandrerhjem is placed on top of a hill. If you do not prefer walking, there are tons of colourful electric scooters placed all over the city, which might be rented for a small fee. [FOOD] During lunchtime from Monday 30th of May to Friday 3rd of June, Students and Staff are on their own for the meals. On Saturday 4th of June, the lunch is offered from NTNU to students and staff. After the morning lessons, students and staff will go together to have lunch to the cantina located in Sentralbygg 1 in Gløshaugen (Sit Kafe Hangaren). During the days with lessons and during the multiplier event of Saturday 4th of June coffee breaks will be organized by NTNU. For the dinners Students and Staff are on their own. An outdoor social evening event will be organized for students and staff if the weather will allow it during the week (based on nice weather forecast, during one evening from Monday to Thursday). A social dinner will be organized for the teaching staff and guest lecturers on Friday 3rd June at 19:00 at the Olivia restaurant, Beddingen 16, 7014 Trondheim. https://oliviarestauranter.no/restaurant/solsiden/ Please consider that the Campus is equipped with bars/cafeterias, the cantina in Sentralbygg 1, and a small supermarket (RAPIDO) in the same building.

Practical Information CHePiCC Summer School 2022 9 [CURRENCY] In Norway the official currency is the Norwegian krone (NOK). Please note that 1 € is about 10 NOK and that you can pay by card everywhere. Norway is expensive, remember to plan your budget accordingly. There is 25% VAT included in all prices and tipping is not customary. [CLOTHING] Pack warm clothing - there is a reason Norwegians are known for their wool sweaters! Trondheim’s average maximum temperature in June is 15°C/17°C, while the minimum temperature is 7°C/9°C. The following clothing items are recommended: • cap (and gloves) • waterproof jacket or umbrella • proper footwear (sturdy hiking boots or rain boots)

Practical Information CHePiCC Summer School 2022 10 • warm clothes if the temperature goes down In addition, be aware that in Trondheim in May/June the sun rises at 3 AM and sets at 11 PM. The use of eye-masks for sleeping is highly recommended. [MISCELLANEOUS] It is recommended for students and staff to bring: • sketchbook/pens/laptop/pendrive • camera • travel documentation (passport, health insurance, travel insurance, etc.) • personal medicine [USEFUL PHRASES] There are many local dialects of Norwegian, but everybody can speak English. Here are some words to help you get by in the local language: Thank you – Takk Sorry – Beklager Hello – Hei, god dag Goodbye – Ha det Yes – Ja No – Nei Excuse me – Unnskyld Where is…? – Hvor er…? Cheers! – Skål!

BACKGROUND INFORMATION [ABOUT TRONDHEIM] Trondheim is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is the third most populous municipality in Norway, although the fourth largest urban area. Trondheim lies on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the River Nidelva. Among the major technology-oriented institutions headquartered in Trondheim are the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), and St. Olavs University Hospital. According to the sagas, the city was founded by king Olav Tryggvason in 997, but archaeological evidence suggests that there was already a settlement, or a seasonal a trading post on the left bank of the estuary. Olav Haraldsson (‘the holy king’) built a royal residence close to the settlement in the early 11th C, and served as the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217, when the kings took residence in Bergen. Trondheim remained the clerical centre of Norway, where Olav Kyrre, the son of Olav Haraldsson’s half-brother Harald Hardrada, established a see with resident bishhop and funded the building of a large stone-built church for this purpose. This was commenced around 1070 on the site of the present cathedral. From 1152/-53 the city was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros until the Reformation in 1536-37; since then, it has remained the seat of the Lutheran Diocese of Nidaros. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda and Tiller, and the municipality was further expanded 1 January 2020 when Trondheim merged with Klæbu. The main attractions of Trondheim are: - Nidaros Cathedral and the Archbishop’s Palace, located side by side in south of the city centre. The cathedral, built partly on the foundations of Olav Kyrre’s church, is the most important Gothic monument in Norway and is said to have been the most important Christian pilgrimage site of Northern Europe during the Middle Ages. Today, it is the northernmost medieval cathedral in the world, and the second largest in Scandinavia; - DORA 1, a German submarine base that housed the 13th U-boat Flotilla during the Second World War occupation of Norway. Today the bunker houses various archives, among them the city archives, the university and state archives. More recently, DORA has been used as a concert venue; - Kristiansten Fortress, built in the 1682-84, extended 1740, located on a hill above the eastern bank of the river. It repelled the invading Swedes CHePiCC Summer School 2022 11

Background Information - in 1718. Abandoned as a military fortress 1816 after the union of Sweden and Norway 1814. - the statue of Olav Tryggvason, the founder of Trondheim, located in the city's central square, mounted on top of a column. The statue was made by the sculptor Wilhelm Rasmussen, who held a high artistic standing before World War II, and also made several sculptures on the Cathedral, a.o. the Calvary group above the central West door. His reputation became somewhat tainted after the war, as he was a member of the Norwegian Nazi party. - the isle of Munkholmen, a popular tourist attraction and recreation site. The islet has served as a place of execution, a monastery, a fortress, prison, and a Second World War anti-aircraft gun station; - Stiftsgården, built as aprivate residence for a wealthy widow 1774-78, sold to the Danish-Norwegian State 1800 and used as residence and office for the county governor and administration until 1906. It has been the royal residence in Trondheim since 1800, and is said to be the largest wooden building in Northern Europe. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trondheim [SCHOOL OBJECTIVES] The summer university school funded by the Erasmus+ project “Cultural Heritage Protection in Climate Change online (ChePiCC online)”, will take place on the premise of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, Norway. This will be a transdisciplinary summer university school on cultural landscapes in climate change. It will be mainly focused on cultural and natural landscape in Norway and on the most used material constituting its heritage- built environment i.e., wood. Notwithstanding, per each day of lesson a comparison with other landscapes in different climate zones (e.g., central Europe or the Mediterranean area) and/or other historic materials prone to climate-induced decay will be also provided. In addition to the topic of the climate change impact on cultural landscapes, several lessons will be focused on the Norwegian research directions towards application of green energy (especially solar energy that is a challenge in Scandinavian countries) and the achievement of zero emission to the built environment (here included the sub-group constituted by historical buildings). CHePiCC Summer School 2022 12

Background Information Finally, in term of preventive conservation of movable cultural heritage and preparedness in emergency, the University School will offer a set of lessons on climate-induced degradation processes and optimal microclimate for the preservation of paper and book collection kept in libraries and archives. This topic will be presented in the framework of a unique case study that exists in Trondheim i.e., the Dora archive into a IIWW bunker. This archive in addition of being unique for its way of re-using/re-thinking a IIWW heritage, it offers optimal natural conditions for preservation. All these topics will offer food for thought to the students to see and experience the changes and, thus, absorb the necessity of climate change actions related to the preservation of cultural landscapes and their integral cultural heritage. Beside frontal lessons in the morning, a mixture of excursions and support during self-learning days through discussions will be offered to the participants. The afternoon excursions include the modern urban development of Trondheim laying its focus on the district of Nyhavna, the old harbor district with its historic wooden warehouses and the U-boat bunker “Dora” from World War II, which, as described above, is used to this day as an archive, among other things. [STAFF EXPERTISE] The teaching staff participates as experts on: - cultural landscapes (from Scandinavian to Mediterranean countries e.g., NTNU, DUK, ISAC-CNR, ULPGC), - preservation and preparedness measures, recovery of cultural heritage, cooperation with emergency responders in crisis situations (e.g., DUK) - built heritage, material preservation and maintenance as well as preparedness measures for built and movable heritage and material handling (e.g., NTNU for wooden structures and ITAM for post disaster recovery) - climate change impact, climate-induced risk assessment and material preservation in time of climate change (e.g., CNR-ISAC and NTNU) - recovery and preservation of different types of movable heritage and material (e.g., UAA). The summer university is primarily addressed to students of architecture, protection of built cultural heritage, archaeology, urban/landscape planning, mechanical engineering, restauration, and architectural heritage. CHePiCC Summer School 2022 13

Background Information CHePiCC Summer School 2022 14 [SCHOOL EXPECTED DELIVERABLE] It is expected that the 4 groups of students will deliver each a deliverable in form of: - a working document as .docx and as .pdf file - a presentation as .ppt file - The presentation will be presented by the components of each group during the multiplier event, on Saturday 4th of June in the morning in the Auditorium R9 in the Realfabygget at the NTNU Gløshaugen Campus (see the detailed program below). The multiplier event has been organized by NTNU within the framework of CHePiCC and aims to cluster the research and networking projects in which NTNU is involved to optimize the dissemination of research results and activities. The participants to the summer university school, following a successful completion of the above-mentioned deliverable, will obtain a certificate with the possibility to obtain ECTS at their own university. [SCHOOL ORGANIZERS] The school has been organized by Prof. Chiara Bertolin and Prof. Markus Schwai of NTNU within the framework of the Erasmus CHEPICC project, with the support of the Coordinator Universitat fur weiterbildung Krems (UWK), Austria, and the partners of the Erasmus project: Universitat fur Angewandte Kunst Wien (UAA), Austria; Ustav Teoreticke a Aplikovane Mechaniky Avcr (ITAM), Czech Republic; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Scienze dell`Atmosfera e del Clima (CNR-ISAC), Italy; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Details of the staff directly involved in the lessons are reported on page 20. [SCHOOL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT] The organization of the University Summer School has been possible thanks to the economic support of the: - Cultural Heritage Protection in time of Climate Change Online (CHePICC) Erasmus+ Project No. 2020-1-AT01-KA226-HE092550 funded by the EU commission

Background Information CHePiCC Summer School 2022 15 - Sustainable Management of Heritage Building in a long-term perspective (Symbol) Research Project n. 274749 funded by the Norwegian Research Council - TC20 – Structural Integrity and Condition Monitoring of Historical Structures.TC 20 is an ESIS (European Structural Integrity Society) Technical Committee completely dedicated to the structural integrity and preservation of historical buildings.The evolution and impact of climate changes on past and recent structures together with the health monitoring of existing structures is also aim of this TC. The organization of the Multiplier event on Saturday 4th of June 2022 has been possible thanks to the economic and scientific support of the: - Cultural Heritage Protection in time of Climate Change Online (CHePICC) Erasmus+ Project No. 2020-1-AT01-KA226-HE092550 funded by the EU commission - Sustainable Management of Heritage Building in a long-term perspective (Symbol) Research Project n. 274749 funded by the Norwegian Research Council - Spara Och Bevara Project n. 50049–1 funded by the Swedish Energy Agency - Enhancing optimal exploitation of solar energy in Nordic cities through the digitalization of the built environment (Helios) Project n. 324243 funded by the Norwegian Research Council - Energy eFFiciency buIlding and CirculAr eConomY for thermal insulating solutions (Efficacy) EEA Bilateral Initiative funded by EEA and Norway Country - Protecting our industrial heritage: preservation and new uses for traditional warehouses (PROTIND) EEA Bilateral Initiative funded by EEA and Norway Country; - - TC20 – Structural Integrity and Condition Monitoring of Historical Structures, belonging to ESIS. The scientific dissemination of the presentations at the Multiplier Event on Saturday 4th June 2022 is possible thanks to the help and support of the: - Symbol Research Project n. 274749, funded by the Norwegian Research

Background Information CHePiCC Summer School 2022 16 Council - Italian Group of Fracture (IGF); - - TC20 – Structural Integrity and Condition Monitoring of Historical Structures, belonging to ESIS. Acknowledgements go to guest lecturers that have become available during both the University summer school and the Multiplier event to present their work and research projects. Special thanks to the Norwegian Research Council and the Symbol project that have allowed the economic support to have NTNU students and staff during the University school and the Multiplier Event.

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 17 PLACES [NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY of SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY – NTNU] Gløshaugen Campus Almost all activities of the School will start in the morning at the Gløshaugen Campus of NTNU. A walking itinerary from the Trondheim Vandrerhjem Hostel to the Campus is available at https://goo.gl/maps/D6W2hdUtJtNBFQLA6 . Logistical information about the Campus available at https://www.ntnu.edu/gloshaugen Gloshaugen Campus Picture by Gunnar K. Hansen/NTNU The lessons/activities held in Gløshaugen Campus will follow the subsequent room schedule Date Building Room Time 30.05.2022 Sentralbygg 1 S1 All day 31.05.2022 Kjelhuset KJL2 All day 01.06.2022 Kjelhuset KJL21 All day 02.06.2022 Sentralbygg 1 S1 All day 03.06.2022 Kjelhuset KJL21 All day 04.06.2022 Realfabygget R9 All day The internal CHePiCC staff meeting will be held according to what follows Date Building Room Time 01.06.2022 Sentralbygg 1 265 13:00 – 15:00

Places CHePiCC Summer School 2022 18 For the buildings locations please refer to the Gløshaugen Campus map below and to the map locator site of NTNU: https://www.ntnu.edu/map Through this website, it is possible to search rooms within the NTNU Gløshaugen campus in the dropdown-menu on the left. [TRONDHEIM CITY CENTER] During the School several on-the-field visits will be arranged. They will be focused on exploring the following sites located in Trondheim: • Bakklandet • the Warehouses • the Nidaros Cathedral • the Cathedral Stone Workshop • the Fortress • Nyhavna

Places CHePiCC Summer School 2022 19 • Dora • Dora Archive

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 20 [STUDENTS] PEOPLE Surname Name Affiliation Email address Afonso Santana José Enrique ULPGC jose.afonso110@alu.ulpgc.es Aguiar Botello Carlos ULPGC carlos.abotello@gmail.com Barakat Ihab UWK ehabbarakat990@gmail.com Bartolucci Beatrice NTNU beatrice.bartolucci@uniroma1.it Boccacci Giulia NTNU boccacci.1766495@studenti.uniroma1.it Calapiña Arriaga Carlos ULPGC carlos.calapina101@alu.ulpgc.es Dietrich Florian UWK floriandietrich@ymail.com Grabner Christof UWK sgagrc@yahoo.com Higgins Peter UWK Peter.Higgins@stud.sbg.ac.at Jokin Ivo UWK ivo_jokin@abv.bg Klinkert Martina UAA martina_klinkert@posteo.de Kocabaş Esra UAA tuuttkku@gmail.com Moreno Falcon Monica NTNU mmorfal@upo.es Ogut Ozge NTNU ozge.ogut@polimi.it Panahifar Mehrnaz UWK mehrnazpanahifar@gmail.com Parracha Joao IST/LNEC jparracha@lnec.pt Trujillo Cabrera Laura ULPGC laura.trujillo109@alu.ulpgc.es Vergelli Lisa NTNU lisa.vergelli@uniroma1.it [STUDENTS’ GROUPS] The students have been divided in the following groups for carrying out self- learning activities. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Afonso Santana J. E. Calapiña Arriaga C. Klinkert M. Higgins P. Vergelli L. Bartolucci B. Grabner C. Kocabas E. Parracha J. Trujillo Cabrera L. Dietrich F. Jokin I. Moreno Falcon M. Ogut O. Aguiar Botello C. Barakat I. Boccacci G. Panahifar M.

People CHePiCC Summer School 2022 21 [STAFF] Surname Name Affiliation Email address Bertolin Chiara NTNU chiara.bertolin@ntnu.no Bonazza Alessandra CNR-ISAC a.bonazza@isac.cnr.it Cacciotti Riccardo ITAM cacciotti@itam.cas.cz Califano America NTNU america.califano@unipd.it Cavazzani Stefano NTNU stefano.cavazzani@ntnu.no Drdacky Tomas ITAM tomas.drdacky@gmail.com Foti Pietro NTNU pietro.foti@ntnu.no Frasca Francesca NTNU f.frasca@uniroma1.it Haselberger Martina UAA martina.haselberger@uni-ak.ac.at Kaiser Anna UWK anna.kaiser@donau-uni.ac.at Krist Gabriela UAA gabriela.krist@uni-ak.ac.at Lobaccaro Gabriele NTNU gabriele.lobaccaro@ntnu.no Loli Arian NTNU arian.loli@sintef.no Narbona Rocío ULPGC rocionarbonaflores@gmail.com Palerm Salazar Juan Manuel ULPGC jm.palerm@ulpgc.es Rankl Barbara UAA barbara.rankl@oeai.at Sardella Alessandro CNR-ISAC a.sardella@isac.cnr.it Schwai Markus NTNU markus.schwai@ntnu.no Verticchio Elena NTNU elena.verticchio@uniroma1.it Woller Raffaela UWK raffaela.woller@donau-uni.ac.at IMPORTANT NOTE: The Staff needs to be available for counseling and supporting the students self-learning activities on June 1st 2022 and on June 3rd 2022 from 10:00 to 12:00 and from 13:00 to 15:00. In addition, the Staff will always follow the students during their walking visits. [CONTRIBUTORS] Surname Name Affiliation Email address Anker Marie-Louise Kirken marie.louise.anker@nidarosdomen.no" Bye Mette Trondheim Municipality mette.bye@trondheim.kommune.no Flores-Colen Ines IST/ULISBOA ines.flores.colen@tecnico.ulisboa.pt Garman Johnsen Eileen NTNU eileene@online.no Hommedal Solrun Trondheim Municipality solrun.hommedal@trondheim.kommune.no Moen Dagrune Koteng dagrune@koteng.no

People CHePiCC Summer School 2022 22 Nilsen Dag NTNU dag.nilsen@ntnu.no Sather Tonje NTNU tonje.d.sather@ntnu.no Sætherø Ingrid Koteng ingrid@koteng.no Silva Mendes Maria Paula ULISBOA mpaulamendes@tecnico.ulisboa.pt Stegavik Greta Koteng greta@koteng.no Stenøien Hans K. NTNU hans.stenoien@ntnu.no Temeljotov- Salaj Alenka NTNU alenka.temeljotov-salaj@ntnu.no

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 23 PROGRAM OVERVIEW (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 24 Program Overview [DAY 1 – 30.05.2022] Where: • Gløshaugen Campus (morning) • Bakklandet (afternoon) • The Warehouses (afternoon) What: • Welcome, Presentation of School Program (morning) • Lessons (morning) • In situ visits (afternoon) [DAY 2 – 31.05.2022] Where: • Gløshaugen Campus (morning) • Nidaros Cathedral (afternoon) • the Cathedral stone workshop (afternoon) • the Fortress (afternoon) What: • Lessons (morning) • In situ visits (afternoon) [DAY 3 – 01.06.2022] Where: Gløshaugen Campus (all day) What: Students self-studying activities (all day) What: Staff Internal CHePiCC Meeting (afternoon) [DAY 4 – 02.06.2022] Where: • Gløshaugen Campus (morning) • Nyhavna (afternoon) • Dora and Dora archive (afternoon)

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 25 Program Overview What: • Lessons (morning) • In situ visits (afternoon) [DAY 5 – 03.06.2022] Where: Gløshaugen Campus (all day) What: Students self-studying activities (all day) What: Staff Internal CHePiCC Meeting (afternoon) [DAY 6 – 04.06.2022] Where: Gløshaugen Campus (all day) What: Multiplier event (all day)

DETAILED DAY-BY-DAY PROGRAM

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 27 DAY 1 - 30.05.2022 (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

Day 1 – 30.05.2022 28 The Speakers are invited to upload their presentations before the beginning of their session. Please note that the presentations will be recorded. Zoom link: https://NTNU.zoom.us/j/99265434015?pwd=ZEZpNmlYMitBa2lJdW41bFhoQnloQT09 [IN SITU VISITS] Meeting Point: Outside the main entrance of Sentralbygg 1, close to the Kantina Meeting time: 13:00 Bakklandet It is Trondheim’s best-known neighborhood. With original, colorful wood buildings and cobblestone streets, it has a “koselig” atmosphere and is a great place to spend an evening. You can sit outside one of the many street cafes or grab a beer at Antikvariatet while listening to live music at night. CHePiCC Summer School 2022

Day 1 – 30.05.2022 29 The Warehouses The historic harbour of Trondheim was the estuary of the river Nidelva. Along the western bank (city side) the merchants had their properties with dwellings and shops, and storage houses towards the river. The city consisting almost entirely of timber buildings was often ravaged by fires, and was in 1681 almost entirely destroyed. The measured for fire- safety taken after the former fire of 1851 proved inadequate, and an entirely new town plan with broad, straight streets was envisaged by the king. The storage buildings were separated from the rest of the built- up area by an avenue with an upper level serving the merchants’ mansions, and a lower street serving the warehouses. This resulted in one of the most distinctive city-scape, not only in the city, but as a cultural and aesthetic heritage of national importance. The buildings stand along both sides of the Nidelven river; those on the east bank belonging to the un-regulated suburb Bakklandet after the more mediaeval pattern with dwelling, shop and warehouse combined on the same lots. Originally they were used as storage for such goods as grain, sugar, salt and fish. The construction was the traditional technique of interlocking logs, with naked log-timber interior surfaces. When the shallow waters to the north of the city were dredged and protected by a sea wall in the early 19th century the insufficient harbour facilities were supplied with a necessary extension, and similar warehouses were built on the northern shore of the city, and later connected with the railway station on the artificial islands, forming another distinctive feature of the city-scape, the canal harbour. The original wharfs were not used as dwellings, but today, many have been converted into residential houses; this is however not permitted in the city side row along the river. Others are art galleries, coffee shops, restaurants, and boutiques. The cobbled walking paths make exploring the historic wharfs an easy and beautiful stroll. There are also several benches along the paths for those who want to relax. The Old Town Bridge over the Nidelven River is a great spot to get a picturesque view of the historic wharfs from a distance. CHePiCC Summer School 2022

Day 1 – 30.05.2022 30 Source: https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/historic-wharves-29654.html [RESEARCH QUESTIONS] 1. It is clear that the warehouses have an impact on the landscape of the city of Trondheim. Which warehouses’ aspects have the most important identity among: color, form, location and use? In addition, what needs to be preserved the most? 2. How did the past decisions of the municipalities and of the people influence the actual landscape? 3. How does a NH, as a flood, put the CHB at risk? And how do extreme events modify the actual landscape? 4. What is the expected impact of climate change in term of intensity and frequency increase of flood events? What can be the impact in the Bakklandet district? 5. What are the preventive conservation challenges of Bakklandet district? What are the possible future steps? In your opinion, how could the preservation, the significance and the use of this district be improved, in a time of climate change? CHePiCC Summer School 2022

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 31 DAY 2 – 31.05.2022 (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 32 Day 2 – 31.05.2022 The speakers are invited to upload their presentations before the beginning of their session. Please note that the presentations will be recorded. Zoom link: https://NTNU.zoom.us/j/99265434015?pwd=ZEZpNmlYMitBa2lJdW41bFhoQnloQT09 [IN SITU VISITS] Meeting Point: Outside the main entrance of Sentralbygg 1, close to the Kantina Meeting time: 12:45 The Nidaros Cathedral The Nidaros Cathedral, Scandinavia’s largest medieval structure, is worth seeing even if just from the outside. Its history of construction is visible on the interior, with parts built in different styles. This is where St. Olav Ways, (a 643 km pilgrimage from Oslo built during the Middle Ages), ends, and where the royals of Norway are coronated. The Stone workshop The Norwegian parliament has designated the restoration workshop (Bygghytta) belonging to Nidaros Cathedral Restoration Works (NDR) as

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 33 Day 2 – 31.05.2022 a national competence center for the preservation and restoration of historic stone buildings. This means that in addition to restoring and maintaining Nidaros Cathedral and the Archbishop’s Palace, NDR is tasked with preserving and further developing the traditional crafts represented at the Bygghytta craftsmen’s lodge. Source: https://www.nidarosdomen.no/en/ndr/om-ndr/nasjonalt-kompetansesenter-for-verneverdige-bygninger-i-stein The Fortress The fortress from 1695 can be visited for free. The surrounding park offers amazing views over the city and is popular for sunset picnics and sports. For a bird’s-eye view of the entire city, go to the observation deck at Tyholttårnet. The tower hosts a restaurant with a pizza buffet (117 NOK, daily until 6 PM).

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 34 Day 2 – 31.05.2022 [RESEARCH QUESTIONS] 1. How has the Cathedral influenced the history and the development of the city of Trondheim? Is the Cathedral still influencing the city attraction? Is there any tangible and intangible value? 2. How has the landscape been preserved over the centuries? Why? Has the Cathedral influenced the landscape development? 3. How may the new project of an energy smart Nidaros Cathedral transform the significance of the Cathedral itself and of the surrounding environment? 4. Which strategy may be adopted to find a trade-off solution between the preservation of heritage/landscape significance and the adoption of mitigation actions to CC? Are you able to think about further possible mitigation actions applied to this case study?

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 35 DAY 3 - 01.06.2022 (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

Day 4 – 02.06.2022 CHePiCC Summer School 2022 36 DAY 4 - 02.06.2022 (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “La Sapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

Day 4 – 02.06.2022 CHePiCC Summer School 2022 37 The Speakers are invited to upload their presentations before the beginning of their session. Please note that the presentations will be recorded. Zoom link: https://NTNU.zoom.us/j/99265434015?pwd=ZEZpNmlYMitBa2lJdW41bFhoQnloQT09 [IN SITU VISITS] Meeting Point: Outside the main entrance of Sentralbygg 1, close to the Kantina Meeting time: 12:55 Meeting Point and time near Nyhavna/Dora: Maskinistgata 1, 7042 Trondheim at 13:30. Nyhavna Nyhavna is a port area in Trondheim, between Nidelva in the west, Lademoen in the east, Ladehammeren in the north and Nedre Elvehavn in the south. The harbor area at Brattøra is located on the other side of the River Nidelva, which passes between Nyhavna and Brattøra. In 1912, a new port plan was drawn up for Trondheim. This new area, between Nidelva and Ladehammeren, was named Nyhavna. Here is where the two German submarine bunkers, Dora 1 and Dora 2, from World War II were built. Source: https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyhavna

Day 4 – 02.06.2022 CHePiCC Summer School 2022 38 Dora The two German submarine bunkers, Dora 1 and Dora 2, from World War II were built at Nyhavna. Dora 1 was completed in the summer of 1943, while Dora 2 was never completed. Dora 1 was later converted into a warehouse and office building, and after the war Dora 2 was left to The Port of Trondheim. In 1943, Dora was bombed by the AmericanArmy. It was not damaged completely, while the buildings in the rest of the area around Nyhavna were badly damaged during the attack. Source: https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyhavna Dora archive The Dora archive consists of four archive institutions, one library and one museum. The mission is to preserve state, municipal and private archives from the Middle and North Norway and make these available to the general public. People are welcome to the communal reading room where they can study protocols, letters, photographs, maps and drawings, and carry on scientific research,and investigations. Source: https://www.arkivsenteret.no/om-oss/

Day 4 – 02.06.2022 CHePiCC Summer School 2022 39 [RESEARCH QUESTIONS] 1. How do IIWW CHBs impact a landscape? What is your idea about keeping/demolish/reuse them? How is it possible to preserve the tangible and intangible value of these structures in a landscape that is always evolving/changing? 2. What can the request of maintenance and refurbishment of these structure be in the next future, due to the climate change forecasts? If you decide to keep the structures, what are the possible other suggested uses behind archives? 3. What is next? What are your ideas about attracting people to this district? What is your idea about better protecting/reusing the structures in time of climate change? 4. Comment the fact that they started building with stones to decrease the risk of fire. 37

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 40 DAY 5 - 03.06.2022 (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “LaSapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 41 DAY 6 – 04.06.2022 The Multiplier Event has been organized by NTNU within the framework of CHePiCC and aims to cluster the research and networking projects in which NTNU is involved to optimize the dissemination of research results and activities. It is structured as follows: (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “LaSapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 42 (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “LaSapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

CHePiCC Summer School 2022 43 (Credits: Giulia Boccacci, “LaSapienza” University, Rome – Italy)

Group 1 PART III Students’ deliverables

45 GROUP 1 The challenges of preventive conservation and discussion of future use regarding the historic warehouses along the Kjøpmannsgata in Trondheim (Norway): consideration of special risks due to ongoing climate change J. E. Afonso Santana, C. Calapiña Arriaga, M. Klinkert, P. Higgins, L. Vergelli [HISTORY] The early Trondheim In Trondheim, the first recorded human activities can be tracked back ca. around 700 AD. In the Year 997, when Olav Trggvason ordered the building of a residence and the church of Klemenskiren, which became later the foundation for Trondheim, there were already docks with warehouses towards the water. Since Norways Geography contains mostly of mountans and fjords Trondheim is, together with Oslo, the only place with a continuous form of lowlands.1 After the battle of Stiklestad in 1030, Christianity was implemented. Paganism was outlawed and new forms of cities which included churches were able to emerge. The first churches and monasteries in Trondheim were also built during that time.2 Figure 1 - Hypothetical Map of early Trondheim3 The rise of trading At the end of the 12th century, more and more different types of buildings were erected; some were used as warehouses others also as homes. Between 1200 and 1400 the population of the city grew steadily. The warehouses played a vital role in the development of the city. Between 1274 and 1276 the King of Norway

Group 1 46 Magnus Hakonson Lagabotes issued laws like the “landslov”, one of most important laws of medieval Europe. Among other rules and laws there was also a city law specifically for places like Trondheim. This law specifically ordered all merchants that they had to lay down on the piers where they rented a warehouse. Itwas forbidden to sell goods directly from the boat.4 This was one of the reasons why the piers with warehouses became the lifeblood of the city. The piers belonged to the shipowners and wholesalers. Their properties were divided into plots across the river. The warehouses were not only used for the purpose of fishing and storage, but also some of them had entire farm facilities with residential and private houses, barns, and storage cages. Behind the warehouses there were residential houses constructed in a very cramped way. The Streets were usually build in a tight way, most buildings were made of wood. Only churches and a few other buildings consisted of stone.5 During the construction activity in the city, a lot of material was simply dumped into the river and created little islands. Because of that the piers were therefore built further out into the river and thick pawls were lowered to the bottom of the river, so merchants were still able to load and unload their ships. The use of flat jetties made it possible to walk across the river without a boat.6 The reconstruction of Trondheim In 1625 there was also a landslide on the east side of the river. On the new terrain the foundation was laid for what is now Bakklandet. Figure 2 - Map from 1658 depicting Bakklandet7 At that time the piers started to develop their characteristic appearance.1 1 Thomas Hall- Planning and Urban Growth in the Nordic Countries 1. edition. 2 Imsen Steinar- The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World, C.1100-c.1400 - Tapir Academic Press. 3 Troøyen, M. / Johnsen, E.G.: Kjøpmannsgata 27, unpublished Master Thesis, Department of Architecture, NTNUNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 2022. 4 Pål A. Bertnes- Legal information in Norway - electronic and printed sources 5th edition. 5 Thomas Hall- Planning and Urban Growth in Nordic Countries 1. Edition. 6 Troøyen, M. / Johnsen, E.G.: Kjøpmannsgata 27, unpublished Master Thesis, Department of Architecture, NTNUNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 2022. 7 Troøyen, M. / Johnsen, E.G.: Kjøpmannsgata 27, unpublished Master Thesis, Department of

Group 1 47 From the 15th century on the city's growth stagnated. The powerful Hanseatic League (Hansa Teutonica) decided to choose Bergen instead of Trondheim as their main hotspot for trading.8 There was also the constant problem of fire outbreaks and the war with Sweden. While this was a problem for many cities in Europe, Trondheim burned down overall 15 times. Usually, the inhabitants just rebuild the damaged and destroyed part of the city again until Major General Johan Caspar von Cicignon ordered the rebuilding of the town. He was deprecatory towards the old medieval style of the city. Figure 3 - Plan for reconstruction of Trondheim (1681)9 The new Trondheim should be modelled after a more baroque style like Versailles, so it could fit all the military and safety needs. Alongside the river there were streets with trees on both sides so there was an easy access to the warehouses. Cicignon was also commited to further fortifier Trondheim. However, his plan was only followed partially.10 The industrial revolution Trondheim was able to flourish and Bakklandet was still an important part of the city, until the industrial revolution reached Norway around 1850. One important factor of the industrial revolution was the population growth. Along with other Norwegian Cities Trondheim underwent changes in infrastructure and urban development. Another way to boost the economic growth was the abolition of former trade restrictions. Together with the industrial revolution bigger ships with a much higher carrying capacity were established. With the consequences that the warehouses were seen as an obstacle to the town's development.2 Architecture, NTNUNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 2022. 8 Elisabeth Gee Nash - The Hansa 1995 - Barns and Nobles.

Group 1 48 In addition, the new Bakka bridge was also built, which made it difficult for larger ships to sail up to the piers. Trondheim maritime infrastructure needed to be modernized. After Carl Adolf Dahl´s plan for the modernization of Trondheim was accepted in 1876 and the building of a new harbour, which was in the direction of the fjord meant that the centre urban development shifted away from places like Bakklandet. After almost 1000 years of being the centre of Trondheim the piers lost its original function, and that also included Bakklandet.11 The abandonment and the decay During the 20 th century the warehouses of Bakklandet were still in some form of intermittent use for fishers but they were no longer the central place of the city. Since they were not used that often anymore the forecourt increased. They were seen as a problem and in the context of modernism some proposals were made to tear them down. They withstand the second world war without any serious damages and some of them showed signs of decay. However, with the Midtbyen Plan from 1975 wooden houses were seen as a historic image of the city and it was therefore decided that buildings, like the warehouses of Bakklandet, should be preserved.12 9 Troøyen, M. / Johnsen, E.G.: Kjøpmannsgata 27, unpublished Master Thesis, Department of Architecture, NTNU 10 Thomas Hall- Planning and Urban Growth in Nordic Countries 1. Edition. 11 Thomas Hall- Planning and Urban Growth in Nordic Countries 1. Edition. 12 Troøyen, M. / Johnsen, E.G.: Kjøpmannsgata 27, unpublished Master Thesis, Department of Architecture, NTNU

49 [STATE OF THE ART (CONSERVATION STATE - RELATION BETWEEN BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT - ACTUAL USE)] In today's Trondheim the influence of the warehouses facing the Nidelva River is profoundly central at the urban level. They are in an enclave influenced by the forced connection between two densely populated districts, the city centre and the Bakklandet district, naturally separated by the river. In the space between the two main bridges that guarantee this connection and, at the same time, on the west bank of the river, is where the warehouses of greatest historical importance are located, and they are the ones which are the subject of this study. This front of buildings of Kjøpmannsgata, beyond being a historical landmark in the drawing of the city, is a central point in itself, and it is the image that the city wants to project towards its visitors. It is important to highlight the relevance of the sector as a whole, beyond the interest of any individual warehouse. That what is presented in this section of the Nidelva river acts like an exposure of a particular constructive and architectural system of continuous application. In addition, it speaks directly of the idiosyncrasy of the city and its deepest conditions and traditions. Although the sector continues to be an absolutely central point in the city and surely its most visible face; there is a deep conservation problem linked to the disappearance of its original use, that of goods and food storage, and the consequent lack of maintenance and repair tasks directly linked to this commercial activity. Since the sudden disappearance of the original use of the warehouses caused by the construction of the new wharf, better prepared for larger ships, there has been a prolonged dichotomy between the abandonment of some of the warehouses and the architectural adaptation of the rest to a changing variety of uses. Today this dichotomy still holds, and even does so in a more complex way. With the development of urban and architectural regulations, the level of intervention and reconstruction with respect to the original state of the buildings has become deeply invasive for most of the proposed and existing uses. On the other hand, there are initiatives under development for the intensive conservation of the original state of some of the buildings which, however, have great difficulties searching for possible owners who might be interested in a building with a high level of historical responsibility, maintenance and ongoing continuous costs and whose future use and potential long-term profitability from a particular investment point of view are virtually unknown. With this situation, the establishment of an intermediate situation is of critical importance, where the buildings can be used and have a certain level of economic

Made with FlippingBook

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjM0NDE=